- σκληρός
- σκληρός, ά, όν (σκέλλομαι ‘be parched, be dry’; Hes., Hdt.+; ‘hard [to the touch], harsh’)① pert. to being externally hard or rough, hard (to the touch), rough, of things λίθοι hard (OGI 194, 28; Wsd 11:4) Hs 9, 6, 8; 9, 8, 6ab. ῥάβδος rough, of a knotty stick (s. Pind., O. 7, 29; Diogenes the Cynic [IV B.C.] in Diog. L. 6, 21 σκληρὸν ξύλον=a hard staff; Aelian, VH 10, 16) 6, 2, 5.② pert. to causing an adverse reaction because of being hard or harsh, hard, harsh, unpleasant, fig. ext. of 1, of words (Demetrius in Stob., Flor. 3, 8, 20 vol. III p. 345 H.; Diogenes, Ep. 21; Gen 21:11; 42:7; Dt 1:17; En) J 6:60; Jd 15 (after En 1:9); s. Hv 1, 4, 2 (w. χαλεπός). ἐντολαί hard, difficult (Diod S 14, 105, 2 σκ. πρόσταγμα; Porphyr., Vi. Pyth. 8 προστάγματα) Hm 12, 3, 4f; 12, 4, 4 (w. δύσβατος). ἄνεμοι rough, strong (Aelian, VH 9, 14; Pollux 1, 110; Procop., Bell. 3, 13, 5; Pr 27:16) Js 3:4.③ pert. to being difficult to the point of being impossible, hard, implying an adverse force that is unyielding, the neut.: σκληρόν σοι (sc. ἐστίν) it is hard for you w. inf. foll. Ac 9:4 v.l., 6 v.l.; 26:14.④ pert. to being unyielding in behavior or attitudeⓐ of pers., in dealing with others hard, strict, harsh, cruel, merciless (Soph., Pla. et al.; OGI 194, 14; 1 Km 25:3; Is 19:4; 48:4; PsSol 4:2; EpArist 289; Mel., P. 20, 138) Mt 25:24. Of the devil Hm 12, 5, 1.ⓑ in response to a call for change of mind, subst. τὸ σκληρόν stubbornness w. gen. (Polyb. 4, 21, 1; Jos., Ant. 16, 151 τὸ σκ. τοῦ τρόπου) τὸ σκ. τῆς καρδίας the hardness of heart B 9:5 v.l. (for σκληροκαρδία, q.v.).—On the history of the word s. KDieterich, RhM, n.s. 60, 1905, 236ff; FDanker, Hardness of Heart, CTM 44, ’73, 89–100, Deafness and Hearing in the Bible, in The Word in Signs and Wonders, ed. DPokorny/RHohenstein ’77, 25–37.—B. 1064.—DELG s.v. σκέλλομαι. M-M. TW. Spicq.
Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία. 2015.